Best 9+ Alternative Apps Like Kick the Buddy
#Kick #Buddy
Category : Playgendary,Action
Alternative Apps :
- Flick Kick Football Legends
Start the old game with the latest game in the Flick Kick series; Enter, swipe, shoot and more! Defeat the competitors! Win the league! Be a legend! Flick Kick Football Legends brings Flick Kick to new heights with the most diverse gameplay on the field,
- Soccer Kick
Can you hoof your soccer ball after the Statue of Liberty? Or the Eiffel Tower, Big Ben or even the pyramids? Then all over the world! Perfectly time your kick for extra power – the more you kick, the more coins you earn. Then upgrade your power up
- Kick The Buddy Remastered
Welcome to Kick the Buddy Remastered! The game that helps you deal with the anger that builds up on you throughout the day, it’s a new way to use mobile gaming for good! As a player, choose from a variety of weapons to get some stress relief action!
- TOPPS® KICK®: Soccer Card Trader
TOPPS® KICK®: Football Card Dealer
#TOPPS #KICK #Soccer #Card #Trader
Category : - Funny Soccer – 2 Player Games
Funny Soccer – 2 Player Games free Fight with your friends, funny and amazing game and physics! If you are a fan of soccer and soccer. Funny Soccer is the best free fun game for you. Fun and free bouncy soccer games. Fight with
- Super Goal – Soccer Stickman
Draw a line to kick the ball. The direction and trajectory of the ball are entirely controlled by you. Use your wisdom to solve puzzles and score top-notch goals! If you like to play stickman soccer game, then this epic football 3d game 2022 is your
- SOCCER Kicks – Stars Strike
★ Play soccer kicks and experience real penalty kicks! ★ Lots of amazing soccer challenges are waiting for you in one of the best soccer games Enjoy unlimited soccer competitions full of action even in multiplayer mode Build and customize your team as you wish by upgrading your
- Mr Autofire
The texture of reality is in pieces and monsters are pouring out! It’s up to you to get up to the plate. Bring your biggest weapon and your A-game, because you are…the defender of everything! Haig through the levels and shoot the alien scum at you. or behind
- Mobile Football
Come and play this fun free kick game against players from all over the world in less than three minutes. Upgrade your stadium, unlock unique gear and power-ups, and make your name in the Star Hall of Fame. Fast-paced attack and defense. • Simple, fun and strategic gameplay, each
- Football Strike: Online Soccer
You’ve never played a soccer game like this before. Take on your friends in free kick multiplayer matches, or make a name for yourself in Career Mode! Customize your attacker and goalkeeper with many unlockable items! Show your style or represent your team’s colors! Kick off
- Cristiano Ronaldo: Kick’n’Run – Football Runner
How would you like to be in the place of Cristiano Ronaldo – one of the best soccer players in the world? Know how you feel when you kick, run, dribble and score like a Man UTD player in this unique 3D arcade runner! Put on
- Crazy Kick!
Get into the goal, beat your opponents, move fast and shoot goals! Rolling, passing and kicking the ball. Full real football experience with easy controls and fun moves.
#Crazy #Kick
Category : VOODOO,Arcade - The Mask: Scary Horror Game 😈
One of the best horror games ever! You are trapped in a scary house and you have to escape. You don’t remember how you got there but you know you have to get out. The horror house is full of puzzles that need to be
- Soccer Super Star
Play the new soccer game Soccer Super Star and experience the realistic, super-fast and immersive soccer! Love arcade soccer but lack the time to practice? The new Soccer Super Star game that is very easy to learn and the game controls let you start the fun. Just slide
- Dead Trigger: Survival Shooter
Get ready for non-stop action in this shooter game! Get ready for some extreme zombie killing! ★ Crush hordes of bloodthirsty zombies ★ Secure vital supplies ★ Save other survivors ★ Protect the safe haven ★ Explore the city ★ Uncover the horrific truth in this intense FPS
- Soccer Stars
Soccer Stars brings excitement to the soccer field! A multiplayer game to play with friends, full of new features and fun gameplay. Go to the soccer field, play against the best soccer clubs in the world and win the soccer world cup, all while challenging your friends in this 5-star
- Tanks a Lot – 3v3 Battle Arena
Enter the world of epic battles and powerful tanks in a real-time battle against others. Defeat enemy combat vehicles and be the last man standing in Battle Royale mode. Tanks a lot! It is a wonderfully deep experience that requires precise strategy in every
- Shadow Fight 2
A sequel to the popular Facebook smash with 40 million users, Shadow Fight 2 is a nibbling mix of RPG and classic combat. This game lets you equip your character with countless deadly weapons and rare armor sets, and features dozens of realistic martial arts techniques! Crush your enemies,
- TMNT Portal Power
Help the ninja turtles to travel through the portals and fight against evil in this action packed street fighting game. Play as all four Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles simultaneously as you punch, kick, force and gate your way through outrageous dimensions to prevent Shredder and Kraang from unleashing another diabolical
- RuneScape – Fantasy MMORPG
EXPLORE A HUGE MMORPG WORLD LIKE NO PARTNERS Kick off in the sixth Gielinor era and discover the rich open-world fantasy MMO RPG world, deep in myths and lore. The people of Gelenore may be thriving, but the great gods still planned. Black clouds cast a shadow and
- Super Jump Soccer
Super Jump Soccer is a fast-paced soccer/football game built with ragdoll games powered by artificial intelligence and physics. Responsive dynamic gameplay with flying kicks, head deflectors and glide tackles. Features retro-inspired art style in 2.5D. Players run back and forth to get the ball, jump over each of
- Donut Punks: Online Epic Brawl
AAAHHH! You are surrounded by zombies, but you are not one of them! Which means it’s time to kick those boring monsters out of your life: there are no rules or restrictions, just fun, solid fun and a lot of cake your enemies have dropped. the
- The Real Juggle – Pro Freestyle Soccer
Definitely more than just a goalkeeper, this game is all about the basics of freestyle soccer. This is The Real Juggle. Direct control of the feet. Feel every touch. Weigh every kick. Be the most talented electronic soccer player in the world!
#Real - Hot Potato: Epic Arena
Are you ready to show your friends who’s the boss of Snapchat Bitmoji!? Push them in this new new royal and PvP battle royale game to become the champion! Play now and be the best! Fight tons of other players and kick them out of this world to become #1!
- PewDiePie’s Tuber Simulator
Create your own pocket tuber and follow in the footsteps of internet sensation PewDiePie! Get creative, create videos, design rooms, unlock cool and trendy items, and participate in community events! You can even create MEMES in Meme Maker and share them with all your friends! Do you have
- Scary Child
Welcome to this haunted house! Are you ready to face this scary kid? Once upon a time there was a serial killer who lurks in the night and sneaks into homes and finds his victims. It was pure evil with a coal-black heart. After each kill, he would
- Goal Party
Kick balls and score goals in front of your opponents! Unique cosmetics and cool new cities will be unlocked when you defeat your rivals!
#Goal #Party
Category : Panteon,Sports - BeSoccer – Soccer Live Score
⭐ All football matches in the world at a click of a button, BeSoccer is the best live football app with football news, results and statistics, we cover more than 10,000 competitions: you will be able to follow all matches live, receive notifications of goals, line-ups, news, signings and
- HBO Max: Stream TV & Movies
HBO Max is a premium streaming app that combines all of HBO with more must-watch TV series, blockbuster movies, and exclusive Original Max, with unlimited access to thousands of hours of entertainment, we’ve got something for everyone in your family. So kick back in your most comfortable
- Productive – Habit tracker
Productive is a free and easy to use habits tracker app that helps you build a routine of life-changing positive habits. Set personal goals, track your progress, and motivate yourself to reach new heights! Productivity Habits Tracker is here to help you get the most out of managing
- All Games: all in one game, news games, mix game
All these gaming apps is a free collection of 550 games in one app! 🎮 More than 550 games in one app, play your game in one click without downloading and annoying ads. Online games will bring you joy for free.
- Game Booster: Game Launcher
★★★ This is the return of the legend! ★★★ The original Game Booster app from 2009 gives you as complete a gaming experience as possible. Game Launcher With Game Booster, you can collect all your games in one place. Don’t waste time searching for the game you
- Sniper Shooting Gun Games 3D
Legend sniper games 2020 is a free 3D shooting games designed exclusively for mobile. Go for FPS sniper offline game with action packed fun of gun games. The shooting game is story based so get ready and compete in the new sniper shooting game 2021. The new
- All Games: All in One Games
All free games in game app collect 3000+ online games in one app. Play games online in one app without installing. Best new free android game collection in online games app to play online. This is not all games in one offline app, it needs
- Dire Wolf Game Room
Free Dire Wolf Game Room combines award-winning apps and board games into a central hub that helps you find games, connect with friends, and expand your collection. Inside the Game Room, you’ll find: * Game Lobby – Find a game on the fly in the cross-title game lobby!
- Ludo King™
*THIS IS THE OFFICIAL LUDO KING™ Game 700+ MILLION DOWNLOADS! Voice chat available! The most popular Ludo game. The first Ludo game of its kind available on mobile since 2016! Ludo King™ is a classic board game played between friends and family. Play dice game for kings!
- YAHTZEE With Buddies Dice Game
Roll the dice to play YAHTZEE® With Buddies! It’s a fun classic board game with a new look. Play dice with friends in this multiplayer game and challenge your friends to play this family game for hours of endless fun! The classic dice game reimagined in
- Playhouse: Voice Chat & Match
Playhouse makes it easy to meet new friends and voice chat for games. Do you want to find like-minded people effortlessly? – Playhouse is the place to help you find groups for specific interests and the best teammates for the best trending games! # What do
- Memory game for kids 2
Memory Game for Kids 2 is a funny educational puzzle memory game about the universe (space) for toddlers, babies, preschoolers, kids and adults. Memory game for kids 2 helps them to improve their recognition as they play as well as learn about the universe. It is the
- Shadow Knight: Ninja Game War
Unleash your shadow knight out of the shadow war by fighting against hordes of monsters and defeating them all. The amazing Ninja Game – fighting game with shadow fighting style is waiting for you to explore. Be a fighter and fight shadow war if you want to
- The Dread : Hospital Horror Game Scary Escape Game
In The Dread: Hospital Horror Game Scary Escape, you will need to unlock locked rooms, complete puzzles, search for hidden objects, open doors, search keys and use meat to get rid of the Evil Nurse, without any advice you have to interact with all the
- Papa – The Horror Game
A totally unpredictable horror game – you can’t predict the path of Freddy (Papa). The enemy is completely unpredictable horror game designed for players who want to experience the same game with different experiences. This game contains a game where any player will face different type of
- Real Shooting Games
Welcome to Shooting Gaming World, a real and amazing shooting game. Target shooting is very easy and realistic game, in this game you can use your gun to shoot and shoot a variety of targets to get higher scores. And this long range shooting game is totally free, come
- Spades Masters – Card Game
Play the #1 spades game out there! Spades Masters – Spades Card Game is the newest and fastest growing Miniclip card game in the online card game space. Join the growing community of competitive and casual Spades players in this epic, feature-packed multiplayer game of Spades as
- Defence Master: Shooting Game
Defense Master is a casual shooting game. Are you fond of playing shooting games on your mobile in 2022? If yes, let me introduce you to the best Hyper Casual defense Master shooting game. There are many casual shooter games that you can play on your smartphone,
- Big Baby – horror game
■ Playing time: Depends on the person. Warning This game is available in both Japanese and English. Please note that if the app’s language setting is Japanese, then Japanese will be used, and English will be the languages other than Japanese. !! No special report
- Ludo Club – Fun Dice Game
Play LUDO CLUB – the best board game to play with friends! Enter the world of this multicolored game – ludo, and be the star of ludo (ludo star)! This is the free online multiplayer version of the epic Ludo dice game (which also contains variations
- Dead Hand – School Horror Game
Welcome to the very scary school with evil monsters, you need to take notes, the evil director is already there and he is hunting, you can hide under the tables to avoid the end, can you take notes from the school horror and don’t get caught let’s see..
- Pop It 3D Fidget Toys Master
Pop It Antistress 3D – Fidget Relaxing Game is a satisfying game with many variations of the excitement of 3D Fidget games. If you like stress relief games, satisfying relaxation games, anxiety relief games and pop it in 3D then this is Pop It Antistress 3D game
- MiniReview – Game Reviews
Download MiniReview, choose your favorite filters, and sort through an extensive catalog of the best Android game reviews. Check out real in-game screenshots and detailed game information to find the exact games you want to play. Offline RPGs? Multiple tower defense? Competitive online shooters? Vertical
- Wood Block Puzzle – Block Game
Wood Block Puzzle – Classic Block Puzzle Game, also called Qblock is a classic addictive wood block puzzle game. Qblock challenges you to match blocks of different shapes into a 10 x 10 grid. Wood Block Puzzle (Qblock) is a true classic, with no time limits and
- Tongits Offline
Tongits Offline (Tong-its) is a rummy game for 3 players and is the most popular game in the Philippines. It was first shown in Pangaisan in the mid-1980s which they called Tung-it. The rules of the game and the name can be linked to the American card game, Tonk, as
- Silent Memories – Horror Game
Warning: This video game is likely to trigger seizures in people with photosensitive epilepsy. The player is advised to be careful. Important Note: The game focuses on exploration and slowly builds tension to create a deeper and more rewarding experience. Her story is revealed through surreal
- Celestwald – Adventure Game
One of the best offline adventure games! Beautiful graphics in this story will make you dream! Live the adventure and solve puzzles and quests in this amazing point and click adventure game. Join Max, Flo, Dadi, Rafa and Rob on their journey! Explore the mysterious world
- Block Puzzle – Brick Game
Brick refreshes your memories of playing Block Puzzle. Brick game is easy and addictive game, the goal is to place the block shapes in a way that removes the whole line and frees up space for new blocks, you can place blocks both horizontally and vertically, the more
- Dead Village. Survival Horror, creepy story
A new horror game with elements of survival! A horrific story about a cursed village! In this game, you have to get out alive from the village which was captured by a vicious killer. To survive you will have to use the tools at hand,
- Numbers – 123 games for kids
Learn Numbers for Kids is an educational game for preschoolers. The game will allow boys and girls to learn numbers from 1 to 20 while playing entertaining mini games. Learning Numbers features over 100 learning activities for your child to enjoy. The game will also
- Game for preschool kids 3,4 yr
This free learning game provides a safe and friendly environment for kids and toddlers to play multiple engaging games and develop their logical thinking as well as hand-eye coordination. Kiddos will enjoy playing these interactive games. Features 🌟: Shape Matching Game: Kids learn to match the
- Siren Horror Game: 3d survival
Welcome to the 3D jungle survival horror game “Siren Horror Game: 3D Survival” where you will meet the scary monster “Siren Head” in the jungle! This is a 3d jungle survival horror game in which you have to go through the story and finally find Siren head 3d
- King Party : Multiplayer Game
👑 King’s Party: Be the King of Game Party Join the funny mini-games party with your friends. If you win, you’re King.King’s Party is a multiplayer knockout game with a series of challenging mini-games. Play with your friends and you guys have to beat the mini games
- Galaxiga: Classic Arcade Game
Galaxiga: Classic Arcade Shooter 80s – Free Games is a space shooting arcade game that makes you feel like you are playing a classic game. If you are a big fan of shooting games like Galaxia, galaxian, Galactica with new modern fighting style and want to give freedom to
- POOLTIME : The most realistic pool game
– NOW PLAY REAL —- Meet the most realistic 8ball game ever – Are you looking for an 8ball game that supports great shots like jump shots, curve shots etc? Cool, this is the game you are looking for. Join Pooltime now and get exclusive
- Ramboat – Offline Action Game
Ramboat – a shooting game to play for free and without an internet connection. Help Mambo and the elite team in this impossible mission. Overcome all challenges, upgrade your weapons, drive fast and defeat your enemies in one of the best offline games. Be a warrior
- Archery King 3D
It’s time to test your shooting skills in traditional shooting games. Archery Battle is a great shooting game with comprehensive upgrade system. Be a professional in 3D shooting, so collect the best equipment and beat other people in the shooting game. Are you ready to become a true
- Indian Royal Wedding Game
Welcome to the Indian wedding makeover game. Hindu traditional weddings game and also Indian wedding games and dress-up games. Every bride wants to look amazing at her dream wedding. In this Indian wedding games we have provided all in one wedding package of hair spa, makeup, dress
- All Games In One | Game Lobby
Enjoy a collection of more than 3000 games in just one app. All games are instant games, so there is no need to install many games on mobile. It will manage storage and device time. Instant games work like offline games, so no internet
- Survival Horror Games Offline
Are you ready to face the fear of survival horror games offline? 3D scary games offline are waiting for you. Explore as a scary man in free horror games you have seen before in scary movies of free scary games. You will have to play helo neighbor
- Investing Game – How To Invest
🚀 Try yourself in the stock market and forex trading by playing the investment game Learn how to trade and make money from real stocks. Meet investors and investors. Forex trading app allows you to practice investing before you start investing your real money. 💲💲💲Investing
- Unblock Ball, Games Play Games
New Puzzle Games Offline 2021 for Boys: New Games 2021 Welcome to New Games 2021. Play new puzzle game 2021 with lots of Offline Game challenges. This new game 2021 with intense graphics and attractive story line, which will make your new game more exciting free time in
- brain code — hard puzzle game
Brain: Code – challenging puzzle games. Five words that describe the entire game: • Brain – You must use the full power of your brain to complete all the puzzles. • Code – Yes, you need to code (don’t worry, programming skills are not required).
- GT CL Drag Racing CSR Car Game
We believe in accelerator and speed, not brakes. Different experience of free car racing game in drag racing style. This time with GT Club: Drag Racing Car Game. New racing cars, classic manual gears, speed without limits. This car game is one step
- Basket Cannon
Basket Cannon is a new basketball game of 2019 for everyone to enjoy. This game is not like the usual basketball games. You have to play it differently; However, the idea is the same. Instead of a human, you will shoot the ball into the basket with a
- Funny Horror Game
Funny horror game – this is an exciting game where you have to fight with famous characters from other games. The game is constantly developing, and many interesting events will be added. Download and enjoy the game. Contact me: https://vk.com/rkrutov1993 Some characters from the game: Evil Nun: Ужас
- Word Crush – Fun Word Puzzle Game
Sharpen your mind with Word Crush! Word Crush is a word search game where you connect, scroll and collect words from piles of letter blocks through thousands of interesting topics. Word search and word matching game for everyone, there are many free and cool topics,
- Scrabble® GO-Classic Word Game
Welcome to Scrabble GO; A new, free way to play the world’s number one classic word game with a modern twist Play Classic Scrabble Plus All new word games Play the original word game you know and love with the official Scrabble dictionary, grammar and game board. Choose
- The School – White Day
★ [Download guide for those who already purchased the game]This page is for new users, users who purchased the game before April 30, 2018 can re-download the same game and use their existing data and purchase history by following the link below (The link below is only available for
- Trickster – Online group game
Trickster: a creative team game in the style of taboo, activity, or no one is perfect. A fun board game with lots of embarrassing questions from 3 to 99 players, perfect against boredom. And the best part? Anyone can play the game remotely from home, perfect
- Word Pizza – Word Games
Word Pizza is a very interesting, colorful and exciting game that is completely free. A new word puzzle game, where you need to create words from letters placed in a circle, this game will increase your vocabulary and improve your spelling skills and concentration. HOW TO PLAY
- Kids Puzzles Game for Girls & Boys
Welcome to Jigsaw land – kids puzzle game for girls, boys, teens and adults, a free puzzle app for all ages. Each relaxing puzzle features a beautiful scene drawn by a professional artist. Beautiful pictures include images of unicorns, dragons, dinosaurs, cute animals, fairy land,
- 3 Days to Die – Scary Horror
Are you ready to take on the True Scary game? 3 Days To Die Get ready to experience a real horror game and scary adventure. Horror Games Escape Story Haunted House You are stuck in the dark haunted house of your scary neighbor Jason on
- Event Horizon Space Shooting
The galaxy is under attack! Event Horizon is an offline space shooting game to defend your space base from cosmic invaders from space patrols. In this arcade galaxy shooter you can build spaceships, space shooting ships and fight against the fleet. If you are a fan of
- Dropwords 2 (Free)
Note: Dropwords 2 is a rewrite of my old Dropwords game. It includes the same gameplay and game modes, but has some technical improvements, including running more smoothly on modern devices, using much less battery power, and more agile handling of different screen sizes! Dropwords 2 is a word
- Scary Night: Horror Game
Are you ready for a multiplayer survival horror game? Scary Night is a multiplayer online survival game with Ghost. Explore the mysterious house and snatch anything to fight with ghosts. The most important thing is not to be caught by ghosts! After dawn, please escape from
- Spades – Offline Card Games
The most popular card game Spades is now ready for free in its high quality. Download Spades now and play the free classic Spades game. You can play Spades for free anywhere you want. The main contribution of our game is the offline gameplay as well
- Tricks Bike Stunt Racing
Welcome to the unique bike racing game with experiences from different modes and worlds. It is an offline mini game with different unique levels. Riding a motorbike is always fun and playing its games is more fun. Tricks Master Bike stunt is a motorbike racing game that
- Scary Evil Horror Teacher: Scary Prankster 3D Game
Storm Breaker brings you the most terrifying 3D horror teacher game. “Miss Bella, are you home?” “Scary Evil Horror Teacher: Scary Prankster 3D Game” is the best funny and entertaining high school 3D game. This scary game will be the story of the
- The Baby in Dark Yellow House
This is the time to avoid a child’s nightmare adventure. In this yellow kids game you act as a little helper of the kid but this is not an ordinary horror game or scary game like other traditional horror survival games or other kids simulator games in
- Target Shooting Games
Target shooting game is a first-person shooter simulation game with amazing detail and addictive gameplay. Practice your shooting experience with one of the best training games on the market. Shoot accurately and aim at stationary targets. Real shooting range is the best war training game that will blow
- Word Trip
Winner of the Spring Choice Award from the most prestigious academics! Meet Word Trip, the perfect word game that will relax your mind as you form word after word and go on an unstoppable word chain! Word Trip is the game for you because it combines the most breathtaking backgrounds
- Tennis Clash: Multiplayer Game
Sports video game lovers Then this is a great mobile tennis experience! Tennis Clash is a multiplayer online tennis game with stunning 3D graphics and intuitive controls, all you have to do to score is swipe. Despite the simple controls, the game is nothing but a casual
- Soccer Cup 2022: Football Game
Football games are here ⚽ Don’t hesitate and enjoy the atmosphere of football games 2022! Show other countries, who have the best soccer team on the planet and become a soccer star! Your knowledge of the game of soccer is an invaluable asset as players’ individual skill
- FRAG – Arena game
FRAG is a free PvP hero game. Choose your hero, create your team, enter the arena and start the fight. Discover FRAG, the FPS and TPS battle game by Oh BiBi! Play explosive 1v1 duels against players from all over the world in this FPS and TPS
- Cookie Jam Blast™ Match 3 Game
Play Cookie Jam Blast, the newest match-3 game in the Cookie Jam franchise! Blast through thousands of cookies and candy match 3 levels! Swap cookies and deliver 3 or more rewards in this sweet match 3 saga. It features updated graphics, fun new match-3 game
- WeGamers – Where Gamers Gather
You can now chat about popular mobile games like Free Fire, Brawl Stars, Clash of Clans, Clash Royale, PUBG Mobile and more on WeGamers! WeGamers is a social community designed for gamers! Learn tips and tricks from veteran players or other players in the game’s communities.
- Hidden Object : Quiet Place
If you are interested in “hidden objects game puzzle” and “adventure mission” then you are in the right place. Welcome to Hidden Objects: Quiet Place, Trapped in the Woods! We are sure that you love hidden object games and you are ready to discover mystery game, ghost
- Epic Game Maker: Create a game
Epic Game Maker: Create a Game
#Epic #Game #Maker #Create #game
Category : - Spelling & Phonics: Kids Games
Are you ready to play a free spelling game for kids – how about a spelling game without ads? 🚫 Did we mention we have multiple spelling games in one? ✔️ Learning to spell is not one-size-fits-all, that’s why our free game for kids includes more than
- Learning Alphabet for Kids – ABC Tracing & Phonics
Learning Alphabets from Aa to Zz for kids is now very simple and easy. Your kids can learn the alphabet quickly with the beautifully designed pictures. Fabulous isn’t it? – Include: * Learn Alphabets with high quality pictures and best pronunciations.
- Bingo Treasure – Bingo Games
Bingo Treasure is an exciting bingo game that combines bingo games and treasure hunts. Join us on this amazing bingo journey and find treasure chests scattered all over the map! Are you looking for a free bingo game that can satisfy you to your heart’s content?
- Kiela
It is a secular game of African origin, and is considered the oldest strategy game in the world, and this game is traditionally played by counting stones and distributing them in small pits dug in the ground, and because it is a sport and strategy game, Kela has been used, for centuries, as
